Australian Economic Papers, 1970, 9 , 21–41
Includes the conception of the Quality-Adjusted Unit of Time and a fortiori the QALY (p39)
…”qualitative time remains an essentially quantitative concept, additive with quantitative time, and the weights could be regarded as representing the percentage ability to dispose freely of the given unit of time among chosen activities.”
George W Torrance, ‘Toward A Utility Theory Foundation for Health Status Index Models’ Health Services Research 1976 11(4): 349–369. PMID: 1025050
“The central idea on which this paper is built was first proposed by Dowie [7]. He suggested that neither life nor health is appropriately valued directly. Rather, the demand for either should be regarded as a demand derived immediately from “time” and ultimately from all things involving time as an input… “